Basic Electronics and Tutorials

Comprises Op Amp Basics, Specialty Amplifiers, Using Op Amps with Data Converters, Sensor Signal Conditioning, Analog Filters, Signal Amplifiers, Hardware and Housekeeping Techniques, and Op Amp History.

Walt Jung - OpAmp Applications Handbook

In the past several years, many advances have been made in operational amplifiers and the latest op amps have powerful new features, making them more suitable for use in many products requiring weak signal amplification, such as medical devices, communications technology, optical networks, and sensor interfacing.



Walt Jung, analog design guru and author of the classic IC OP-Amp Cookbook (which has gone into three editions since 1974), has now written what may well be the ultimate op amp reference book.

As Jung says, “This book is a compendium of everything that can currently be done with op amps.” This book is brimming with up-to-date application circuits, handy design tips, historical perspectives, and in-depth coverage of the latest techniques to simplify op amp circuit designs and improve their performance.

Analog Dialogue: Analog Devices

See Application Notes too on Amplifiers and Comparators, Current Sense Amplifiers, Differential Amplifiers, Instrumentation Amplifiers, Isolation Amplifiers.

The main Types of Rechargeable Batteries are NiCd - Lead Acid - NiMH - Lithium ion. The Gel Lead Acid Battery is Termed Maintenance Free and may have to be treated differently for charging.

List of battery sizes - Wikipedia



4.5 Volt - D - C - AA - AAA - 9 Volt - SR41/AG3 - SR44/AG13

Battery Charger Circuits and Resources

Solar charger for lead-acid batteries
The charger will stop charging once a pre-set voltage (temperature compensated) has been reached, and recommence charging when the voltage has dropped off sufficiently.

12 Volt Gel Cell Charger
When a discharged gel cell is connected, the charger goes into a fast charge mode at a fixed rate of 400 ma. After the chip detects the voltage leveling off or when 4 1/2 hours has elapsed.

Temperature Controlled NiCd Charger
This circuit is for a temperature controlled constant current battery charger. It works with NICD, NIMH, and other rechargeable cells.

Battery charger 150-1700 mAh with PIC16F876
This is the extension of the simple battery charger to different battery capacities. The software and the controller are largely identical.

MAX846A Cost-Saving, Multichemistry, Battery Charge Chip
In its simplest application, the MAX846A is a stand-alone, current-limited float voltage source that charges Li-Ion cells. It can also be paired up with a low-cost microcontroller (µC) to build a universal charger capable of charging Li-Ion, NiMH, and NiCd cells.

Rechargeable Batteries and Chargers
There are three types of rechargeable batteries. They are Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), which are the oldest type; Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH), which were developed around the same time that low-cost digital cameras were invented.

I once knew a dogbert, i will not name him. Yet his words resonated as true again and again. Once when someone asked him .. "Where the highest value can be created, in an engineered product?". He reveled a profound secret, that is only discussed in whispers in the backrooms of high-tech upstarts. I will attempt to phrase it in a more concise manner.

"When the raw materials transform into an Engineered product, the highest engineering value is both in the manufacturing process machinery and the manufactured product; If and only if, that product has mechanical, electrical, electronic and computing elements in its composition." - This was Mechatronics?

In essence it appeared to be a CNC machine, but not exactly, CNC too and much more. Robotics is a pinnacle of this collage. Then an Intelligent Embedded Control System with sensors, switches, tachos, drives and motor a part of Mechatronics. Looks like control engineering, a sub-section of mechatronics too. Control engineering is also an independent science. Can't leave out Intelligent machinery and Complex Gadgets.

Without chemical, component and materials engineering all the above cannot materialize. They create the inputs and technologies to the systems above.

Finally two examples for Mechatronic Marvels - One the Lone Martian called Rover (like Wall-E) and the Ultra Busy HardDisk HDD in your own Computer.



Related Sciences

Systems Engineering - Managing and Integrating a Large Engineered System Solution. Includes Process, Project, Time, Work-flow, Co-ordination and Communication. (Means .. many Crimson Ties and a lot of Meetings ;-)

Mems - Micro, Electronic/Electrical, Mechanical Systems. Start Reading in detail about it, but never skip Lunch. -

1. Mechatronics Tutorial Information
2. Mechatronics - National Instruments
3. Mechatronics Resources
4. Mechatronic Tips
5. Mechatronics - Sun Equipment Corporation
6. Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics
7. University of Wisconsin - Madison : Mechatronics Lab

"This page serves as a repository for all the bits and pieces I am collecting towards creating a modern version of the classic 1954 work by Craggs and Meek: High Voltage Laboratory Technique." - Jim

High Voltage Experimenter's Handbook

delabs Notes -

First note a important point, HV is dangerous and the behavior of HV is shockingly unpredictable.

Jim shown caged by Faraday but protected by the law of Gauss. Two medium sized Tesla coils from Brian Basura and Ross Overton were used .



Humidity, clothing, footwear, gloves and furniture all add to the safety factors. Not to mention the special insulators and probes in plastic and ceramic that guards your body from a fatal mishap.

First you should be very capable in using normal electrical equipment with proper prior training. Then you should have experience in Mains power and energy systems. Lastly you should be above 20 Yrs of age and Learn HV theory and Practice under a Very experienced professional in that Specialization. Jim Lux has created some valuable pages on HV.

High Voltage Experimenter's Handbook

There is no harm whatsoever now in studying and mastering the theory and also teaching others about the energy that is in high voltage. HV in HF is even more funny.

More EE Stuff at Jim Lux's Web site

All that can be invented is already invented by nature. Man can only uncover a few facts and write about it. Start with this handbook. Life is precious, take care.

Using Rechargeable Battery is Environment Friendly. The 1.5V and 9V are more popular in small devices and flashlights and can create more E-Waste. So rechargeable better is it not?



There is also a 4.5V Battery or Cell. This is not so popular, it is bigger too. It packs more punch or current, i used it to flash mini Magnesium bulbs. Luckily i did not hurt my eyes in this fascination. Many cells form a battery, but in Normal Spoken English, both mean same. A cell is a single unit of cathode-anode-electrolyte. Things you ought to know

Never Short Circuit a Battery, Fire hazard, Chemical Spill.Keep the Terminals of Battery and Gadget clean, Shiny.

• Guard it - Dust, Grime, Rust, Liquids & small metal objects.
• Storage - Never keep in a Metal Box or Can or Metal Safe.
• Use Rechargeable Batteries, that is good for the Planet Earth.
• Do not leave dead batteries in Device and forget it for days.
• Keep away from Heat, Direct Sunlight and High Humidity.
• Unless allowed, do not keep a charger always linked to Device.
• Do not Stock or build Inventory of Batteries, buy on demand.